LC Simulator: Simulated chromatograms differ greatly from experimental data

Description
Users run LC Simulator (or an AutoChrom, LC simulation module) and find that simulated retention times and peak shapes are far from their experimental chromatograms. Investigation shows that column dimensions, stationary‑phase parameters, or dwell volume of the system were defined incorrectly.

Solution

1. Check column details and correct values in the Data Input HPLC Parameters tab.
   • From method documentation or the column label, confirm:
     • Column length.
     • Internal diameter.
     • Particle size.
     • Stationary‑phase chemistry (e.g., C18, phenyl, polar‑embedded).
2. Measure the value for Dwell Volume of the system and enter the correct value.
   • Adjust extra‑column parameters (dwell volume / system volume) if those were also mis‑keyed.
3. Check Mobile Phases components (Solvents and Buffers sections). Try to use the names from the list of Standard solvents and buffers.
4. Re‑run the simulation
   • With corrected column and system parameters, apply different equations (re-model).
   • Compare:
     • Retention times and order.
     • Relative resolution and peak broadening.